PART I — FROM ROMAN AND GAULISH TRADITIONS TO THE MIDDLE AGES Since the beginning of humanity, survival alone has never been enough. The desire to escape the ordinary and to live better has inspired creation, refinement and greater comfort. Luxury is therefore part of civilisation and, in France, can be understood as both an art and an industry. During the first millennium, luxury in France reflected two traditions. Roman luxury valued comfort, refinement and celebration, whi